Ceiling of the church of Fontoura

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Ceiling of the church of Fontoura

Fontoura is a parish in the municipality of Valença, Portugal.

History

The parish builds its roots in remote times, probably pre-Roman. In Grove appeared archaeological remains (pottery, ashes and coals), believing that, by its location and the rounded shape of the hill, there may have been fortified occupation.

Also the middle of the ascent of Mount St. Gabriel, the site called Telhões, early signs of this life were found, since a brick pit was found there, filled with wedges of yellow metal, which the people attributed to the Moors.<br />

You can also identify an occupation immediately prior to citizenship: the toponym Boriz, Germanic root (results of the evolution of anthroponym Baudiricus) is a good example of the existence of this occupation in 9th and 10th century.

According to tradition, the name Fontoura originated from a source close to the existing Casa Alta whose waters, according to legend, would bring some gold particles. It name was the Fonte d’Ouro.

The place of Reguengo is connected to another legend. Queen Isabel stayed here on her return from a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela.

A famous son of this parish is marshal José Joaquim Champalimaud Nussane Lyra e Castra, son of a lieutenant colonel Paulo José Champalimaud de Nussane (engineer of Praça de Valença) and Clara Maria de Sousa Lyra e Castra, originated from the parish Ferreira, the municipality of Paredes de Coura. Born in 1771, José Joaquim enlisted, still a child, in the 21st Infantry Regiment, who manned Valença. At nineteen years he became a cadet in Porto. In 1791 he was already an officer, and the following year he was promoted to second lieutenant and assigned to the Companhia de Brulotes da Marinha. He fought Moroccan Buccaneers in the Strait of Gibraltar, when he belonged to the crew of the frigate "Dom João – Príncipe do Brasil". Promoted to captain (1797), was placed again in the 21st Infantry Regiment. He directed the works of fortification in Minha and made the campaign of 1801, resigning in 1807, when Junot entered the country, not wanting to serve in foreign armed forces. When the revolution against the French broke out, he had the rank of major. He took an active part in the fight, and was soon promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel, in 1808. In 1812, after a brilliant record of service in the military, is appointed governor of the presidio of Valença, and later of Elvas. In 1815 he was promoted to marshal. His magnificent mansion is located in Bárrio, that justifies a visit, as well as the Capela de S. José.

Besides these, there are other monuments and sites that deserve mention: the Chapel of St. Gabriel, the Chapel of St. Francisco de Carcavelhe (1647), in ruins, and whose representation is in the church in Fontoura, the Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Guia, also in ruins, the St. Gabriel Square, splendid panoramic; the estate of Santo António or the Chapel of Pópulo (sixteenth century), Casa do Paço.

Even more about the history of this parish, in the book Inventário Colectivo dos registros Paroquiais Vol. 2 – Norte Arquivos Nacionais / Torre do Tombo, is written:
"In 1258, the list of churches in the territory of Entre Lima e Minho, prepared for the inquiries of Afonso III of Portugal, San Miguel de Fontoura is cited as one of the churches belonging to the diocese of Tui. In 1320, the catalog of the same churches, warrant prepared by King Denis of Portugal, for tax payment, San Miguel de Fontoura was rated at 100 pounds.
In 1444, John I of Portugal got the pope to dismember the territory of the diocese of Tui, going to belong to Ceuta, where he remained until 1512. In that year, the Archbishop of Braga, Diogo de Sousa, gave Henrique, Bishop of Ceuta, the ecclesiastical district of Olivença, receiving in exchange Valença do Minho. In 1513, Pope Leo X approved the exchange.
Between 1514 and 1532, the archbishop Diogo de Sousa held an assessment of the benefits of the church in the diocese of Braga. Fontoura yielded 230 réis.
In 1546, the record of the assessment of these churches, within the time of the Archbishop Manuel de Sousa, San Miguel de Fontoura yielded 60,000 réis.
In the 1580 copy of the census of Frei Baltasar Limpo, San Miguel de Fontoura the proceeds were of laymen. According to Américo Costa, the right of proceeds belonged to the heirs of Gabriel Pereira de Castro.
In the Parish Statistics of 1862 the proceeds were for Vieiras Teles of Lisbon, and Barbosa Aboim of Barcelos.
In administrative terms, it belonged, in 1839, to the district of Monção and, in 1852, to Valença."

Fontoura

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